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      <image:title>Avalokiteśvara (Chenrezig) — Four-Armed Avalokiteśvara (Ṣaḍakṣarī Lokeśvara)</image:title>
      <image:caption>First half of 13th century · Central Tibet · Mineral pigments and gold on cotton cloth · Potala Collection Archive · Public Domain (Public Domain)</image:caption>
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      <image:title>四臂觀音（觀自在菩薩） · 四臂觀音（六字觀自在菩薩）設色唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>13世紀上半葉 · 衛藏地區 · 棉布礦物彩繪描金 · 布達拉宮舊藏早期衛藏唐卡檔案（Public Domain）</image:caption>
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      <image:title>四臂观音（观自在菩萨） · 四臂观音（六字观自在菩萨）设色唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>13世纪上半叶 · 卫藏地区 · 棉布矿物彩绘描金 · 布达拉宫旧藏早期卫藏唐卡档案（Public Domain）</image:caption>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/green-tara/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/green-tara.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Green Tārā (Sgrol-ljang) — Green Tārā (Śyāmatārā / Sgrol-ljang)</image:title>
      <image:caption>c. 1260s · Central Tibet (Kadampa–Nepali style) · Gum tempera, ink, and gold on sized cotton · The Cleveland Museum of Art (1970.156) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/green-tara/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/green-tara/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/green-tara/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/green-tara/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/green-tara/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/green-tara.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>綠度母（聖救度佛母） · 聖救度佛母（綠度母）拱龕設色唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>約1260年代 · 衛藏噶當尼泊爾風 · 棉布膠彩、墨線與泥金 · 克利夫蘭藝術博物館藏 (1970.156)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/green-tara/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/green-tara/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/green-tara/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/green-tara/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/green-tara/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/green-tara.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>绿度母（圣救度佛母） · 圣救度佛母（绿度母）拱龛设色唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>约1260年代 · 卫藏噶当尼泊尔风 · 棉布胶彩、墨线与泥金 · 克利夫兰艺术博物馆藏 (1970.156)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/white-tara/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/white-tara/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/white-tara/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/white-tara/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/white-tara/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/white-tara.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>White Tārā (Sgrol-dkar) — White Tārā of the Seven Eyes (Saptalocanā)</image:title>
      <image:caption>18th century · Eastern Tibet (Khams) · Mineral pigments and gold on cotton · Rubin Museum of Art · Google Art Project (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/white-tara/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/white-tara/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/white-tara/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/white-tara/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/white-tara/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/white-tara.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>白度母（七眼佛母） · 七眼白度母（長壽如意輪度母）唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世紀 · 康區嘎瑪嘎孜畫派 · 棉布礦物設色描金 · 魯賓藝術博物館藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/white-tara/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/white-tara/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/white-tara/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/white-tara/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/white-tara/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/white-tara.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>白度母（七眼佛母） · 七眼白度母（长寿如意轮度母）唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世纪 · 康区嘎玛嘎孜画派 · 棉布矿物设色描金 · 鲁宾艺术博物馆藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/manjushri/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/manjushri/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/manjushri/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/manjushri/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/manjushri/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/manjushri.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Mañjuśrī (Jampelyang) — Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī in Landscape Sanctuary</image:title>
      <image:caption>18th century · Eastern Tibet · Mineral pigments on cotton cloth · Rubin Museum of Art · Google Art Project (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/manjushri/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/manjushri/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/manjushri/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/manjushri/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/manjushri/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/manjushri.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>文殊菩薩（妙音文殊） · 妙音文殊菩薩山水供養圖軸</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世紀 · 藏東設色唐卡 · 棉布淡設色礦物彩繪 · 魯賓藝術博物館藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/manjushri/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/manjushri/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/manjushri/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/manjushri/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/manjushri/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/manjushri.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>文殊菩萨（妙音文殊） · 妙音文殊菩萨山水供养图轴</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世纪 · 藏东设色唐卡 · 棉布淡设色矿物彩绘 · 鲁宾艺术博物馆藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/medicine-buddha/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/medicine-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/medicine-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/medicine-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/medicine-buddha/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/medicine-buddha.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Medicine Buddha (Bhaiṣajyaguru · Sangye Menla) — Medicine Buddha Bhaiṣajyaguru with Mandala Retinue</image:title>
      <image:caption>14th century · Tibet · Mineral pigment and gold on cotton · The Art Institute of Chicago (144397) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/medicine-buddha/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/medicine-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/medicine-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/medicine-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/medicine-buddha/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/medicine-buddha.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>藥師琉璃光如來（桑傑曼拉） · 藥師琉璃光如來及眷屬聖眾唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>14世紀 · 西藏夏魯/薩迦風格 · 棉布青金石礦物彩繪描金 · 芝加哥藝術博物館藏 (144397)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/medicine-buddha/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/medicine-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/medicine-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/medicine-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/medicine-buddha/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/medicine-buddha.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>药师琉璃光如来（桑杰曼拉） · 药师琉璃光如来及眷属圣众唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>14世纪 · 西藏夏鲁/萨迦风格 · 棉布青金石矿物彩绘描金 · 芝加哥艺术博物馆藏 (144397)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/vajrasattva/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/vajrasattva/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/vajrasattva/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/vajrasattva/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/vajrasattva/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/vajrasattva.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Vajrasattva (Dorje Sempa) — Vajrasattva Holding Vajra and Ghanta Bell</image:title>
      <image:caption>18th century · Tibet · Gilt brass inlaid with coral and turquoise · The Art Institute of Chicago (7637) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/vajrasattva/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/vajrasattva/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/vajrasattva/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/vajrasattva/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/vajrasattva/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/vajrasattva.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>金剛薩埵（多傑森巴） · 執杵持鈴金剛薩埵坐像</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世紀 · 西藏造像 · 黃銅鎏金嵌珊瑚與綠松石 · 芝加哥藝術博物館藏 (7637)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/vajrasattva/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/vajrasattva/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/vajrasattva/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/vajrasattva/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/vajrasattva/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/vajrasattva.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>金刚萨埵（多杰森巴） · 执杵持铃金刚萨埵坐像</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世纪 · 西藏造像 · 黄铜鎏金嵌珊瑚与绿松石 · 芝加哥艺术博物馆藏 (7637)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/padmasambhava/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/padmasambhava/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/padmasambhava/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/padmasambhava/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/padmasambhava/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/padmasambhava.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche) — Padmasambhava (Orgyen Dorje Chang) with Eight Manifestations</image:title>
      <image:caption>17th century · Tibet · Mineral pigments and gold on cotton cloth · Himalayan Art Open Archive (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/padmasambhava/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/padmasambhava/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/padmasambhava/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/padmasambhava/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/padmasambhava/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/padmasambhava.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>蓮花生大士（咕如仁波切） · 蓮花生大士（鄔金金剛持）與蓮師八變唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>17世紀 · 西藏寧瑪傳承唐卡 · 棉布礦物重彩描金 · 喜馬拉雅藝術公有領域館藏檔案（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/padmasambhava/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/padmasambhava/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/padmasambhava/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/padmasambhava/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/padmasambhava/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/padmasambhava.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>莲花生大士（咕如仁波切） · 莲花生大士（邬金金刚持）与莲师八变唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>17世纪 · 西藏宁玛传承唐卡 · 棉布矿物重彩描金 · 喜马拉雅艺术公有领域馆藏档案（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/shakyamuni-buddha/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/shakyamuni-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/shakyamuni-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/shakyamuni-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/shakyamuni-buddha/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/shakyamuni-buddha.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Śākyamuni Buddha (Shakya Thubpa) — Śākyamuni Buddha Surrounded by Jātaka &amp; Lineage Scenes</image:title>
      <image:caption>18th–19th century · Tibet · Mineral pigments and gold on cotton · Rubin Museum of Art · Google Art Project (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/shakyamuni-buddha/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/shakyamuni-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/shakyamuni-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/shakyamuni-buddha/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/shakyamuni-buddha.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>釋迦牟尼佛（本師釋迦文佛） · 釋迦牟尼佛觸地印本生源流唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>18–19世紀 · 西藏勉唐畫派 · 棉布礦物彩繪描金 · 魯賓藝術博物館藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/shakyamuni-buddha/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/shakyamuni-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/shakyamuni-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/shakyamuni-buddha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/shakyamuni-buddha/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/shakyamuni-buddha.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>释迦牟尼佛（本师释迦文佛） · 释迦牟尼佛触地印本生源流唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>18–19世纪 · 西藏勉唐画派 · 棉布矿物彩绘描金 · 鲁宾艺术博物馆藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/amitabha/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/amitabha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/amitabha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/amitabha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/amitabha/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/amitabha.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Amitābha (Öpakmé · Buddha of Infinite Light) — Buddha Amitābha / Amitāyus in Sukhāvatī Pure Land</image:title>
      <image:caption>18th century · Tibet · Mineral pigments and gold on cotton · Walters Art Museum / Open Archive (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/amitabha/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/amitabha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/amitabha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/amitabha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/amitabha/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/amitabha.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>阿彌陀佛（無量光佛 · 沃巴美） · 西方極樂世界阿彌陀佛（無量光/無量壽佛）淨土變相唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世紀 · 西藏極樂淨土莊嚴圖 · 棉布礦物彩繪描金 · 沃爾特斯藝術博物館公有領域藏品（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/amitabha/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/amitabha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/amitabha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/amitabha/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/amitabha/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/amitabha.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>阿弥陀佛（无量光佛 · 沃巴美） · 西方极乐世界阿弥陀佛（无量光/无量寿佛）净土变相唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世纪 · 西藏极乐净土庄严图 · 棉布矿物彩绘描金 · 沃尔特斯艺术博物馆公有领域藏品（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/vajrapani/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/vajrapani/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/vajrapani/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/vajrapani/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/vajrapani/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/vajrapani.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Vajrapāṇi (Chana Dorje · Wielder of the Thunderbolt) — Vajrapāṇi Citta Mandala (Sarvadurgati Pariśodhana)</image:title>
      <image:caption>15th century · Tibet · Opaque mineral watercolor on cotton · The Art Institute of Chicago (103305) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/vajrapani/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/vajrapani/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/vajrapani/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/vajrapani/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/vajrapani/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/vajrapani.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>金剛手菩薩（恰那多傑 · 秘密主） · 秘密主金剛手菩薩清淨惡趣壇城唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>15世紀 · 西藏薩迦/俄爾畫派 · 棉布重彩礦物設色 · 芝加哥藝術博物館藏 (103305)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/vajrapani/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/vajrapani/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/vajrapani/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/vajrapani/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/vajrapani/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/vajrapani.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>金刚手菩萨（恰那多杰 · 秘密主） · 秘密主金刚手菩萨清净恶趣坛城唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>15世纪 · 西藏萨迦/俄尔画派 · 棉布重彩矿物设色 · 芝加哥艺术博物馆藏 (103305)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/jambhala/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/jambhala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/jambhala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/jambhala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/jambhala/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/jambhala.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Yellow Jambhala (Dzambhala Serpo) — Yellow Jambhala Holding Citron and Jewel-Mongoose</image:title>
      <image:caption>15th–16th century · Tibet · Gilt copper alloy inlaid with semiprecious stones · Los Angeles County Museum of Art (M.86.61.3) (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/jambhala/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/jambhala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/jambhala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/jambhala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/jambhala/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/jambhala.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>黃財神（藏巴拉 · 諾拉） · 手持摩尼果與吐寶鼠之黃財神（藏巴拉）坐像</image:title>
      <image:caption>15–16世紀 · 西藏銅鎏金造像 · 紅銅鎏金嵌寶石 · 洛杉磯郡立藝術博物館藏 (M.86.61.3)（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/jambhala/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/jambhala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/jambhala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/jambhala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/jambhala/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/jambhala.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>黄财神（藏巴拉 · 诺拉） · 手持摩尼果与吐宝鼠之黄财神（藏巴拉）坐像</image:title>
      <image:caption>15–16世纪 · 西藏铜鎏金造像 · 红铜鎏金嵌宝石 · 洛杉矶郡立艺术博物馆藏 (M.86.61.3)（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/mahakala/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/mahakala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/mahakala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/mahakala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/mahakala/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/mahakala.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Mahākāla (Gönpo · Wisdom Dharma Protector) — Panjaranātha Mahākāla (Wisdom Protector of the Pavilion)</image:title>
      <image:caption>15th century · Central Tibet · Mineral pigments and gold on cotton · Rubin Museum of Art · Google Art Project (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/mahakala/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/mahakala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/mahakala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/mahakala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/mahakala/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/mahakala.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>大黑天瑪哈嘎拉（智慧護法總論） · 寶帳大黑天（瑪哈嘎拉）智慧護法唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>15世紀 · 衛藏重彩護法唐卡 · 棉布礦物重彩描金 · 魯賓藝術博物館藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/mahakala/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/mahakala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/mahakala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/mahakala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/mahakala/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/mahakala.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>大黑天玛哈嘎拉（智慧护法总论） · 宝帐大黑天（玛哈嘎拉）智慧护法唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>15世纪 · 卫藏重彩护法唐卡 · 棉布矿物重彩描金 · 鲁宾艺术博物馆藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/ushnishavijaya/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/ushnishavijaya/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/ushnishavijaya/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/ushnishavijaya/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/ushnishavijaya/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/ushnishavijaya.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Uṣṇīṣavijayā (Namgyalma · Victorious Crown Wisdom) — Three-Faced, Eight-Armed Uṣṇīṣavijayā Enthroned in a Stupa</image:title>
      <image:caption>18th century · Tibet · Mineral pigments and gold on cotton · Rubin Museum of Art · Google Art Project (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/ushnishavijaya/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/ushnishavijaya/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/ushnishavijaya/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/ushnishavijaya/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/ushnishavijaya/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/ushnishavijaya.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>尊勝佛母（頂髻尊勝佛母 · 朗久瑪） · 佛塔瓶腹中之三面八臂尊勝佛母唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世紀 · 西藏設色描金唐卡 · 棉布礦物彩繪描金 · 魯賓藝術博物館藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/ushnishavijaya/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/ushnishavijaya/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/ushnishavijaya/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/ushnishavijaya/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/ushnishavijaya/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/ushnishavijaya.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>尊胜佛母（顶髻尊胜佛母 · 朗久玛） · 佛塔瓶腹中之三面八臂尊胜佛母唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世纪 · 西藏设色描金唐卡 · 棉布矿物彩绘描金 · 鲁宾艺术博物馆藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/tsongkhapa/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/tsongkhapa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/tsongkhapa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/tsongkhapa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/tsongkhapa/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/tsongkhapa.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Je Tsongkhapa (Lobsang Drakpa · 1357–1419) — Je Tsongkhapa (Lobsang Drakpa), Founder of the Gelug Order</image:title>
      <image:caption>c. 1440–1470 · Central Tibet · Gum tempera and gold on cotton · The Cleveland Museum of Art (1981.33) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/tsongkhapa/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/tsongkhapa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/tsongkhapa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/tsongkhapa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/tsongkhapa/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/tsongkhapa.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>宗喀巴大師（羅桑扎巴 · 格魯派創派祖師） · 格魯派創派祖師宗喀巴大師（羅桑扎巴）莊嚴像</image:title>
      <image:caption>約1440–1470年 · 衛藏早期格魯唐卡 · 棉布礦物彩繪描金 · 克利夫蘭藝術博物館藏 (1981.33)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/tsongkhapa/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/tsongkhapa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/tsongkhapa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/tsongkhapa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/tsongkhapa/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/tsongkhapa.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>宗喀巴大师（罗桑扎巴 · 格鲁派创派祖师） · 格鲁派创派祖师宗喀巴大师（罗桑扎巴）庄严像</image:title>
      <image:caption>约1440–1470年 · 卫藏早期格鲁唐卡 · 棉布矿物彩绘描金 · 克利夫兰艺术博物馆藏 (1981.33)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/milarepa/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/milarepa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/milarepa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/milarepa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/milarepa/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/milarepa.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Jetsün Milarepa (1052–1135 · Tibet’s Cotton-Clad Poet-Yogi) — Jetsün Milarepa Meditating Among the Snow Peaks of Kailash</image:title>
      <image:caption>c. 1500 · Tibet · Mineral pigment and gold on cotton · The Art Institute of Chicago (142526) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/milarepa/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/milarepa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/milarepa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/milarepa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/milarepa/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/milarepa.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>米拉日巴尊者（雪域白棉衣歌者與大成就者） · 岡底斯雪山岩洞中之米拉日巴尊者道歌唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>約1500年 · 西藏噶舉傳承唐卡 · 棉布礦物彩繪描金 · 芝加哥藝術博物館藏 (142526)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/milarepa/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/milarepa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/deities/milarepa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/deities/milarepa/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/deities/milarepa/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/milarepa.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>米拉日巴尊者（雪域白棉衣歌者与大成就者） · 冈底斯雪山岩洞中之米拉日巴尊者道歌唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>约1500年 · 西藏噶举传承唐卡 · 棉布矿物彩绘描金 · 芝加哥艺术博物馆藏 (142526)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/om-mani-padme-hum/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/om-mani-padme-hum/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/om-mani-padme-hum/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/om-mani-padme-hum/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/om-mani-padme-hum/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/om-mani-padme-hum.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Oṃ Maṇi Padme Hūṃ (Six-Syllable Mantra) — Six-Petal Lotus Mandala of Ṣaḍakṣarī Lokeśvara</image:title>
      <image:caption>15th century · Central Tibet · Mineral pigments and gold on cotton · Los Angeles County Museum of Art (M.91.349.1) (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/om-mani-padme-hum/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/om-mani-padme-hum/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/om-mani-padme-hum/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/om-mani-padme-hum/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/om-mani-padme-hum/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/om-mani-padme-hum.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>六字大明咒（嗡嘛呢唄美吽） · 六字大明咒本尊四臂觀音六瓣蓮花壇城</image:title>
      <image:caption>15世紀 · 衛藏設色壇城唐卡 · 棉布礦物彩繪描金 · 洛杉磯郡立藝術博物館藏 (M.91.349.1)（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/om-mani-padme-hum/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/om-mani-padme-hum/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/om-mani-padme-hum/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/om-mani-padme-hum/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/om-mani-padme-hum/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/om-mani-padme-hum.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>六字大明咒（嗡嘛呢呗美吽） · 六字大明咒本尊四臂观音六瓣莲花坛城</image:title>
      <image:caption>15世纪 · 卫藏设色坛城唐卡 · 棉布矿物彩绘描金 · 洛杉矶郡立艺术博物馆藏 (M.91.349.1)（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/green-tara-mantra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/green-tara-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/green-tara-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/green-tara-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/green-tara-mantra/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/green-tara-mantra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Oṃ Tāre Tuttāre Ture Svāhā (Green Tārā Mantra) — Green Tārā Surrounded by the Twenty-One Tārās</image:title>
      <image:caption>18th century · Tibet · Opaque mineral watercolor on cotton · The Art Institute of Chicago (65926) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/green-tara-mantra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/green-tara-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/green-tara-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/green-tara-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/green-tara-mantra/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/green-tara-mantra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>綠度母心咒（嗡達列都達列都列梭哈） · 聖救度佛母及二十一度母禮讚總集唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世紀 · 西藏二十一度母設色唐卡 · 棉布礦物彩繪描金 · 芝加哥藝術博物館藏 (65926)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/green-tara-mantra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/green-tara-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/green-tara-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/green-tara-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/green-tara-mantra/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/green-tara-mantra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>绿度母心咒（嗡达列都达列都列梭哈） · 圣救度佛母及二十一度母礼赞总集唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世纪 · 西藏二十一度母设色唐卡 · 棉布矿物彩绘描金 · 芝加哥艺术博物馆藏 (65926)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/manjushri-mantra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/manjushri-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/manjushri-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/manjushri-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/manjushri-mantra/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/manjushri-mantra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Oṃ A Ra Pa Ca Na Dhīḥ (Mañjuśrī Mantra) — Standing Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī with Sword and Prajñā Book</image:title>
      <image:caption>Early 18th century · Tibet · Ink and mineral color on cotton · The Cleveland Museum of Art (1997.305) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/manjushri-mantra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/manjushri-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/manjushri-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/manjushri-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/manjushri-mantra/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/manjushri-mantra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>文殊心咒（嗡阿喇巴札那諦） · 持智劍與般若梵夾之文殊菩薩立像唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世紀初 · 西藏設色唐卡 · 棉布墨線礦物設色 · 克利夫蘭藝術博物館藏 (1997.305)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/manjushri-mantra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/manjushri-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/manjushri-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/manjushri-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/manjushri-mantra/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/manjushri-mantra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>文殊心咒（嗡阿喇巴札那谛） · 持智剑与般若梵夹之文殊菩萨立像唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世纪初 · 西藏设色唐卡 · 棉布墨线矿物设色 · 克利夫兰艺术博物馆藏 (1997.305)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/medicine-buddha-mantra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/medicine-buddha-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/medicine-buddha-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/medicine-buddha-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/medicine-buddha-mantra/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/medicine-buddha-mantra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Medicine Buddha Dhāraṇī (Bekandze Mantra) — Palace Mandala of the Medicine Buddha Assembly</image:title>
      <image:caption>19th century · Tibet · Mineral pigments and gold on cotton · Rubin Museum of Art · Open Archive (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/medicine-buddha-mantra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/medicine-buddha-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/medicine-buddha-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/medicine-buddha-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/medicine-buddha-mantra/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/medicine-buddha-mantra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>藥師佛心咒（貝堪則真言） · 東方淨琉璃世界藥師佛壇城唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>19世紀 · 西藏設色壇城唐卡 · 棉布青金石與礦物重彩 · 魯賓藝術博物館藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/medicine-buddha-mantra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/medicine-buddha-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/medicine-buddha-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/medicine-buddha-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/medicine-buddha-mantra/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/medicine-buddha-mantra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>药师佛心咒（贝堪则真言） · 东方净琉璃世界药师佛坛城唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>19世纪 · 西藏设色坛城唐卡 · 棉布青金石与矿物重彩 · 鲁宾艺术博物馆藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/vajrasattva-mantra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/vajrasattva-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/vajrasattva-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/vajrasattva-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/vajrasattva-mantra/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/vajrasattva-mantra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Vajrasattva Mantra &amp; the Hundred Syllables — Early Kadampa Primordial Vajrasattva / Vairocana</image:title>
      <image:caption>c. 1150–1200 · Central Tibet · Gum tempera, ink, and gold on cloth · The Cleveland Museum of Art (1989.104) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/vajrasattva-mantra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/vajrasattva-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/vajrasattva-mantra/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/vajrasattva-mantra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>金剛薩埵心咒與《百字明》導讀 · 早期噶當派清淨本初金剛薩埵（大日如來）唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>約1150–1200年 · 衛藏早期唐卡 · 麻棉膠彩、墨線與泥金 · 克利夫蘭藝術博物館藏 (1989.104)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/vajrasattva-mantra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/vajrasattva-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/vajrasattva-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/vajrasattva-mantra/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/vajrasattva-mantra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>金刚萨埵心咒与《百字明》导读 · 早期噶当派清净本初金刚萨埵（大日如来）唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>约1150–1200年 · 卫藏早期唐卡 · 麻棉胶彩、墨线与泥金 · 克利夫兰艺术博物馆藏 (1989.104)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/heart-sutra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/heart-sutra/" />
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    <image:image>
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      <image:title>The Heart Sūtra (Sherab Nyingpo · 心经) — Illuminated Folios of the Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra</image:title>
      <image:caption>11th–12th century · Pāla–Himalayan Manuscript Tradition · Opaque watercolor and ink on palm leaf · Los Angeles County Museum of Art · Open Archive (Public Domain)</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/heart-sutra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
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      <image:title>般若波羅蜜多心經（智慧心經） · 《般若波羅蜜多經》彩繪佛陀貝葉梵夾經頁</image:title>
      <image:caption>11–12世紀 · 波羅至喜馬拉雅梵夾寫本傳統 · 貝葉朱墨精楷配彩繪說法圖 · 洛杉磯郡立藝術博物館公有領域藏品（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/heart-sutra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/heart-sutra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>般若波罗蜜多心经（智慧心经） · 《般若波罗蜜多经》彩绘佛陀贝叶梵夹经页</image:title>
      <image:caption>11–12世纪 · 波罗至喜马拉雅梵夹写本传统 · 贝叶朱墨精楷配彩绘说法图 · 洛杉矶郡立艺术博物馆公有领域藏品（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/vajra-guru-mantra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/vajra-guru-mantra/" />
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      <image:title>Oṃ Āḥ Hūṃ Vajra Guru Padma Siddhi Hūṃ (Vajra Guru Mantra) — Primordial Vajradhara with Indian Mahāsiddhas</image:title>
      <image:caption>c. 1450 · Central Tibet · Gum tempera and gold on cotton · The Cleveland Museum of Art (1960.206) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/vajra-guru-mantra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/vajra-guru-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/vajra-guru-mantra/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/vajra-guru-mantra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>蓮師十二字心咒（嗡阿吽班雜咕如唄瑪悉地吽） · 金剛總持與印度大成就者傳承唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>約1450年 · 衛藏俄爾畫派唐卡 · 棉布礦物重彩描金 · 克利夫蘭藝術博物館藏 (1960.206)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/vajra-guru-mantra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/vajra-guru-mantra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/vajra-guru-mantra/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/vajra-guru-mantra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>莲师十二字心咒（嗡阿吽班杂咕如呗玛悉地吽） · 金刚总持与印度大成就者传承唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>约1450年 · 卫藏俄尔画派唐卡 · 棉布矿物重彩描金 · 克利夫兰艺术博物馆藏 (1960.206)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/seven-line-prayer/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/seven-line-prayer/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/seven-line-prayer/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/seven-line-prayer.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Seven-Line Prayer to Guru Rinpoche (Tsik Dün Soldeb) — Cinnabar-Ground Gold-Line Thangka of Guru Padmasambhava</image:title>
      <image:caption>18th century · Tibet · Vermilion mineral pigment and fine gold on cotton · Rubin Museum of Art · Google Art Project (Public Domain)</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/seven-line-prayer/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/seven-line-prayer/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/seven-line-prayer.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>《蓮師七句祈請文》全文藏漢對照與深義導讀 · 朱砂底描金（赤唐）蓮花生大士莊嚴聖像</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世紀 · 西藏朱砂金線唐卡（赤唐） · 天然辰砂底精描泥金 · 魯賓藝術博物館藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/seven-line-prayer/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/mantras/seven-line-prayer/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/mantras/seven-line-prayer/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/mantras/seven-line-prayer/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/seven-line-prayer.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>《莲师七句祈请文》全文藏汉对照与深义导读 · 朱砂底描金（赤唐）莲花生大士庄严圣像</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世纪 · 西藏朱砂金线唐卡（赤唐） · 天然辰砂底精描泥金 · 鲁宾艺术博物馆藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
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    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/mandala/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/mandala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/mandala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/mandala/" />
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      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/mandala.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Mandala (Kyilkhor · དཀྱིལ་འཁོར།) — Four-Gated Sacred Palace Mandala (Twenty-Three Deity Nairātmyā)</image:title>
      <image:caption>c. 1375 · Central Tibet · Gum tempera, ink, and gold on cloth · The Cleveland Museum of Art (1993.4) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/mandala/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/mandala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/mandala/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/mandala.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>壇城（曼荼羅 · 宇宙秩序建築圖） · 四門無量宮二十三尊壇城（曼荼羅）設色唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>約1375年 · 衛藏薩迦俄爾傳統 · 棉布天然礦物彩繪描金 · 克利夫蘭藝術博物館藏 (1993.4)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/mandala/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/mandala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/mandala/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/mandala/" />
    <image:image>
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      <image:title>坛城（曼荼罗 · 宇宙秩序建筑图） · 四门无量宫二十三尊坛城（曼荼罗）设色唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>约1375年 · 卫藏萨迦俄尔传统 · 棉布天然矿物彩绘描金 · 克利夫兰艺术博物馆藏 (1993.4)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/prayer-wheel/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/prayer-wheel/" />
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/prayer-wheel/" />
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      <image:title>Tibetan Prayer Wheel (Mani Khorlo) — Hand-Held Tibetan Prayer Wheel (Maṇi ’Khor-lo) with Jade Handle</image:title>
      <image:caption>19th century · Tibet · Silver repoussé, turquoise, coral, jade handle, and mantra scroll · The Walters Art Museum (57.2285) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/prayer-wheel/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/prayer-wheel/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/prayer-wheel/" />
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      <image:title>轉經輪（瑪尼廓洛）：借自然之力守夜的歷史 · 嵌松石銀鏨六字真言手持轉經輪（瑪尼廓洛）</image:title>
      <image:caption>19世紀 · 西藏傳世法器 · 銀胎鏨刻嵌綠松石珊瑚配玉柄及內藏經卷 · 巴爾的摩沃爾特斯藝術博物館藏 (57.2285)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/prayer-wheel/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/prayer-wheel/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/prayer-wheel/" />
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      <image:title>转经轮（玛尼廓洛）：借自然之力守夜的历史 · 嵌松石银錾六字真言手持转经轮（玛尼廓洛）</image:title>
      <image:caption>19世纪 · 西藏传世法器 · 银胎錾刻嵌绿松石珊瑚配玉柄及内藏经卷 · 巴尔的摩沃尔特斯艺术博物馆藏 (57.2285)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/lungta-prayer-flags/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
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    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/lungta-prayer-flags/" />
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      <image:caption>Contemporary Himalayan Field Documentation · Woodblock-printed cotton banners in canonical five-element sequence · Wikimedia Commons CC0 Public-Domain Archive (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
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  <url>
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    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/lungta-prayer-flags.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>五色風馬旗（經幡）：高原如何把祝願交給風 · 迎風獵獵的高原藍白紅綠黃五色風馬經幡</image:title>
      <image:caption>喜馬拉雅高山口紀實影像 · 木版印經五色棉布風馬旗 · 維基共享資源 CC0 無版權影像檔案（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
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    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/lungta-prayer-flags/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/lungta-prayer-flags/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/lungta-prayer-flags/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/lungta-prayer-flags/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/lungta-prayer-flags.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>五色风马旗（经幡）：高原如何把祝愿交给风 · 迎风猎猎的高原蓝白红绿黄五色风马经幡</image:title>
      <image:caption>喜马拉雅高山口纪实影像 · 木版印经五色棉布风马旗 · 维基共享资源 CC0 无版权影像档案（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/eight-auspicious-symbols/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/eight-auspicious-symbols/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/eight-auspicious-symbols/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/eight-auspicious-symbols/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/eight-auspicious-symbols.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Eight Auspicious Symbols (Ashtamangala) — Sacred Footprints Framed by the Eight Auspicious Symbols (Aṣṭamaṅgala)</image:title>
      <image:caption>14th century · Tibet · Gold and mineral pigments on silk/cotton · Rubin Museum / Himalayan Open Archive (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/eight-auspicious-symbols/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/eight-auspicious-symbols/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/eight-auspicious-symbols/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/eight-auspicious-symbols/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/eight-auspicious-symbols.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>藏傳八吉祥（八瑞相）符號全解 · 繪有八吉祥（八瑞相）紋樣之第三世噶瑪巴讓炯多傑足印唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>14世紀 · 西藏噶舉傳世金彩唐卡 · 織物泥金礦物彩繪 · 喜馬拉雅藝術公有領域館藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/eight-auspicious-symbols/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/eight-auspicious-symbols/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/eight-auspicious-symbols/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/eight-auspicious-symbols/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/eight-auspicious-symbols/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/eight-auspicious-symbols.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>藏传八吉祥（八瑞相）符号全解 · 绘有八吉祥（八瑞相）纹样之第三世噶玛巴让炯多杰足印唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>14世纪 · 西藏噶举传世金彩唐卡 · 织物泥金矿物彩绘 · 喜马拉雅艺术公有领域馆藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/thangka-composition/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/thangka-composition/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/thangka-composition/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/thangka-composition/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/thangka-composition.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>How to Read a Thangka Painting — Canonical Three-Register Thangka Composition (Lineage, Yidam &amp; Protectors)</image:title>
      <image:caption>c. 1700 · Tibet · Gum tempera and gold on cloth · The Cleveland Museum of Art (1917.889) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/thangka-composition/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/thangka-composition/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/thangka-composition/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/thangka-composition/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/thangka-composition.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>唐卡看圖指南：構圖秩序與礦物色彩 · 標準「上師源流—中央本尊—下方護法」三段式構圖唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>約1700年 · 西藏勉唐畫派標準構圖範本 · 棉布青綠重彩與礦物描金 · 克利夫蘭藝術博物館藏 (1917.889)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/thangka-composition/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/thangka-composition/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/thangka-composition/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/thangka-composition/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/thangka-composition.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>唐卡看图指南：构图秩序与矿物色彩 · 标准「上师源流—中央本尊—下方护法」三段式构图唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>约1700年 · 西藏勉唐画派标准构图范本 · 棉布青绿重彩与矿物描金 · 克利夫兰艺术博物馆藏 (1917.889)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/mala-108/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/mala-108/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/mala-108/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/mala-108/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/mala-108.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>The 108-Bead Mala (Phreng-ba) — Tibetan Amber, Coral &amp; Bone Devotional Bead Strand</image:title>
      <image:caption>19th century · Tibet · Natural amber, coral, bone, and turquoise spacer beads · The Cleveland Museum of Art (1916.569) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/mala-108/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/mala-108/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/mala-108/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/mala-108/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/mala-108.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>108 顆念珠（數珠）：結構、材質與母珠禮儀 · 藏傳蜜蠟珊瑚與骨質念珠（附三通母珠結構）</image:title>
      <image:caption>19世紀 · 西藏傳世數珠 · 天然蜜蠟、紅珊瑚、骨珠與綠松石隔珠 · 克利夫蘭藝術博物館藏 (1916.569)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/mala-108/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/mala-108/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/mala-108/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/mala-108/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/mala-108.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>108 颗念珠（数珠）：结构、材质与母珠礼仪 · 藏传蜜蜡珊瑚与骨质念珠（附三通母珠结构）</image:title>
      <image:caption>19世纪 · 西藏传世数珠 · 天然蜜蜡、红珊瑚、骨珠与绿松石隔珠 · 克利夫兰艺术博物馆藏 (1916.569)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/wheel-of-life/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/wheel-of-life/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/wheel-of-life/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/wheel-of-life/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/wheel-of-life.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Bhavacakra: The Wheel of Life (Srid-pa’i ’khor-lo) — Bhavacakra: The Four-Ringed Wheel of Conditioning and Liberation</image:title>
      <image:caption>19th century · Eastern Tibet · Mineral pigments on cotton cloth · Rubin Museum / Open Public Domain Archive (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/wheel-of-life/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/wheel-of-life/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/wheel-of-life/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/wheel-of-life/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/wheel-of-life.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>六道輪迴圖（生死流轉圖）：寺院門廊上的心理鏡鑒 · 藏傳四重同心圓《六道輪迴圖（生死流轉圖）》唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>19世紀 · 藏東寺院傳世教育唐卡 · 棉布礦物彩繪（右上釋迦佛指月表解脫道） · 藏傳佛教圖像公有領域館藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/wheel-of-life/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/wheel-of-life/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/wheel-of-life/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/wheel-of-life/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/wheel-of-life.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>六道轮回图（生死流转图）：寺院门廊上的心理镜鉴 · 藏传四重同心圆《六道轮回图（生死流转图）》唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>19世纪 · 藏东寺院传世教育唐卡 · 棉布矿物彩绘（右上释迦佛指月表解脱道） · 藏传佛教图像公有领域馆藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/vajra-and-bell/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/vajra-and-bell/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/vajra-and-bell/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/vajra-and-bell/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/vajra-and-bell.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Vajra &amp; Bell (Dorje &amp; Drilbu · རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་དྲིལ་བུ།) — Five-Pronged Ritual Vajra (Tibetan: Rdo-rje) with Makara Prongs</image:title>
      <image:caption>15th–16th century · Tibet · Cast gilt bronze alloy · Los Angeles County Museum of Art (M.2001.158.1) (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/vajra-and-bell/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/vajra-and-bell/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/vajra-and-bell/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/vajra-and-bell/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/vajra-and-bell/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/vajra-and-bell.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>金剛杵與金剛鈴（多傑與止布）：悲智雙運的核心法器 · 摩竭魚口五股金剛杵（多傑 · 方便悲心法器）</image:title>
      <image:caption>15–16世紀 · 西藏精鑄密教法器 · 失蠟法精鑄響銅鎏金 · 洛杉磯郡立藝術博物館藏 (M.2001.158.1)（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/vajra-and-bell/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/vajra-and-bell/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/vajra-and-bell/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/vajra-and-bell/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/vajra-and-bell/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/vajra-and-bell.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>金刚杵与金刚铃（多杰与止布）：悲智双运的核心法器 · 摩竭鱼口五股金刚杵（多杰 · 方便悲心法器）</image:title>
      <image:caption>15–16世纪 · 西藏精铸密教法器 · 失蜡法精铸响铜鎏金 · 洛杉矶郡立艺术博物馆藏 (M.2001.158.1)（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Butter Lamps &amp; Seven Water Bowls (Chöme &amp; Yönchab) — Pair of Ceremonial Tibetan Altar Butter Lamps (Mchod-me)</image:title>
      <image:caption>19th century · Tibet · Silver parcel-gilt with chased lotus-petal motifs · The Metropolitan Museum of Art (CC0) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>酥油燈與七支淨水供：雪域最純淨的日常供養美學 · 藏式銀鏨蓮瓣高足佛前酥油供燈一對</image:title>
      <image:caption>19世紀 · 西藏佛堂供器 · 銀胎局部鎏金鏨刻八吉祥與仰蓮紋 · 紐約大都會藝術博物館藏 (CC0)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/butter-lamps-and-water-bowls.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>酥油灯与七支净水供：雪域最纯净的日常供养美学 · 藏式银錾莲瓣高足佛前酥油供灯一对</image:title>
      <image:caption>19世纪 · 西藏佛堂供器 · 银胎局部鎏金錾刻八吉祥与仰莲纹 · 纽约大都会艺术博物馆藏 (CC0)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/khatag-ceremonial-scarf/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/khatag-ceremonial-scarf/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/khatag-ceremonial-scarf/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/khatag-ceremonial-scarf/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/khatag-ceremonial-scarf.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Khatag Ceremonial Scarf (ཁ་བཏགས།) — Imperial Yongle Woven Silk &amp; Gold Ceremonial Buddhist Banner</image:title>
      <image:caption>1368–1424 · Ming Court–Tibetan Diplomatic Gift · Silk and gold thread embroidery on satin silk ground · The Cleveland Museum of Art (1991.2) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/khatag-ceremonial-scarf/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/khatag-ceremonial-scarf/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/khatag-ceremonial-scarf/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/khatag-ceremonial-scarf/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/khatag-ceremonial-scarf.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>哈達（Khatag）：潔白絲帛裡的雪域禮儀與五色涵義 · 明永樂宮廷贈藏織金絲綢莊嚴佛幡（絲帛禮敬傳統巔峰之作）</image:title>
      <image:caption>明永樂時期 (1403–1424) · 漢藏絲帛賜禮珍品 · 緞地彩絲捻金線精繡 · 克利夫蘭藝術博物館藏 (1991.2)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/khatag-ceremonial-scarf/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/khatag-ceremonial-scarf/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/khatag-ceremonial-scarf/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/khatag-ceremonial-scarf/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/khatag-ceremonial-scarf/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/khatag-ceremonial-scarf.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>哈达（Khatag）：洁白丝帛里的雪域礼仪与五色涵义 · 明永乐宫廷赠藏织金丝绸庄严佛幡（丝帛礼敬传统巅峰之作）</image:title>
      <image:caption>明永乐时期 (1403–1424) · 汉藏丝帛赐礼珍品 · 缎地彩丝捻金线精绣 · 克利夫兰艺术博物馆藏 (1991.2)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/stupa-chorten/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/stupa-chorten/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/stupa-chorten/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/stupa-chorten/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/stupa-chorten.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Tibetan Stupa (Chörten · མཆོད་རྟེན།) &amp; Eight Great Forms — Canonical Kadampa Reliquary Stupa (Bka’-gdams Mchod-rten)</image:title>
      <image:caption>13th–14th century · Central Tibet · Copper alloy with bell-shaped dome and thirteen Dharma wheels · Los Angeles County Museum of Art (AC1992.58.1a-b) (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/stupa-chorten/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/stupa-chorten/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/stupa-chorten/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/stupa-chorten/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/stupa-chorten.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>藏式佛塔（曲登）：五輪幾何構造與「八大如來寶塔」全辨識 · 經典十三天日月頂噶當寶塔（曲登）銅造像</image:title>
      <image:caption>13–14世紀 · 衛藏噶當派標準銅塔 · 響銅精鑄（清晰呈現覆鉢、十三天相輪與日月寶頂） · 洛杉磯郡立藝術博物館藏 (AC1992.58.1a-b)（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/stupa-chorten/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/stupa-chorten/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/objects/stupa-chorten/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/objects/stupa-chorten/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/objects/stupa-chorten/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/stupa-chorten.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>藏式佛塔（曲登）：五轮几何构造与「八大如来宝塔」全辨识 · 经典十三天日月顶噶当宝塔（曲登）铜造像</image:title>
      <image:caption>13–14世纪 · 卫藏噶当派标准铜塔 · 响铜精铸（清晰呈现覆钵、十三天相轮与日月宝顶） · 洛杉矶郡立艺术博物馆藏 (AC1992.58.1a-b)（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/four-schools-and-bon/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/four-schools-and-bon/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/four-schools-and-bon/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/four-schools-and-bon/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/four-schools-and-bon/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/four-schools-and-bon.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Four Tibetan Schools &amp; Bön Explained Clearly — Four Enthroned Tibetan Masters in Scholastic Transmission</image:title>
      <image:caption>c. 1450 · Ngor Monastery, Central Tibet · Gum tempera and gold on cotton · The Cleveland Museum of Art (1960.209) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/four-schools-and-bon/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/four-schools-and-bon/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/four-schools-and-bon/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/four-schools-and-bon/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/four-schools-and-bon/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/four-schools-and-bon.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>藏傳四大教派與苯教：一張圖看懂源流與異同 · 藏傳歷代傳法祖師四尊對坐像唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>約1450年 · 衛藏俄爾寺祖師唐卡 · 棉布礦物彩繪描金 · 克利夫蘭藝術博物館藏 (1960.209)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/four-schools-and-bon/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/four-schools-and-bon/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/four-schools-and-bon/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/four-schools-and-bon/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/four-schools-and-bon/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/four-schools-and-bon.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>藏传四大教派与苯教：一张图看懂源流与异同 · 藏传历代传法祖师四尊对坐像唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>约1450年 · 卫藏俄尔寺祖师唐卡 · 棉布矿物彩绘描金 · 克利夫兰艺术博物馆藏 (1960.209)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/samye-and-jokhang/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/samye-and-jokhang/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/samye-and-jokhang/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/samye-and-jokhang/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/samye-and-jokhang/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/samye-and-jokhang.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Jokhang Temple &amp; Samye Monastery — Aerial Panorama of Samye Monastery’s Circular Mandala Enclosure</image:title>
      <image:caption>Founded c. 779 CE under Trisong Detsen &amp; Padmasambhava · Architectural aerial view from Hepori Sacred Hill · Wikimedia Commons CC0 Architectural Archive (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/samye-and-jokhang/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/samye-and-jokhang/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/samye-and-jokhang/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/samye-and-jokhang/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/samye-and-jokhang/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/samye-and-jokhang.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>大昭寺與桑耶寺：雪域信仰的心臟與第一座立體壇城 · 俯瞰西藏第一座佛法僧三寶具足寺院——桑耶寺圓形鐵圍山壇城全景</image:title>
      <image:caption>始建於公元8世紀赤松德贊與蓮師時期 · 山南扎囊 · 自哈布日神山俯拍烏孜大殿、四大部洲與四色佛塔立體壇城 · 維基共享資源 CC0 無版權地理檔案（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/samye-and-jokhang/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/samye-and-jokhang/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/samye-and-jokhang/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/samye-and-jokhang/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/samye-and-jokhang/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/samye-and-jokhang.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>大昭寺与桑耶寺：雪域信仰的心脏与第一座立体坛城 · 俯瞰西藏第一座佛法僧三宝具足寺院——桑耶寺圆形铁围山坛城全景</image:title>
      <image:caption>始建于公元8世纪赤松德赞与莲师时期 · 山南扎囊 · 自哈布日神山俯拍乌孜大殿、四大部洲与四色佛塔立体坛城 · 维基共享资源 CC0 无版权地理档案（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/mount-kailash-kora/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/mount-kailash-kora/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/mount-kailash-kora/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/mount-kailash-kora/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/mount-kailash-kora.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Mount Kailash (Gang Rinpoche) &amp; Kora — Mount Kailash (Gang Rinpoche · 6,638 m), Unclimbed Axis Mundi</image:title>
      <image:caption>Ngari Prefecture, Western Tibet · High-altitude photograph along the 52 km Kora circumambulation trail · Wikimedia Commons CC0 Geographic Archive (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
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    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/mount-kailash-kora/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/mount-kailash-kora/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/mount-kailash-kora/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/mount-kailash-kora/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/mount-kailash-kora.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>岡仁波齊與轉山：四教共尊的世界中軸 · 岡仁波齊峰（海拔 6,638 米 · 四教共仰的不登之神山）</image:title>
      <image:caption>西藏阿里普蘭 · 岡底斯山脈主峰 · 外轉山道仰望金字塔形終年積雪峰頂 · 維基共享資源 CC0 無版權影像檔案（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
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    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/mount-kailash-kora/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/mount-kailash-kora/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/mount-kailash-kora/" />
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/mount-kailash-kora.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>冈仁波齐与转山：四教共尊的世界中轴 · 冈仁波齐峰（海拔 6,638 米 · 四教共仰的不登之神山）</image:title>
      <image:caption>西藏阿里普兰 · 冈底斯山脉主峰 · 外转山道仰望金字塔形终年积雪峰顶 · 维基共享资源 CC0 无版权影像档案（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/potala-palace/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/potala-palace/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/potala-palace/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/potala-palace/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/potala-palace/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/potala-palace.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Potala Palace (Pho-brang Po-ta-la · Lhasa) — The Potala Palace Rising Above Marpo Ri (Red Hill) and White Chörten</image:title>
      <image:caption>7th-century foundation; reconstructed 1645–1694 · Lhasa · Architectural photograph under Lhasa plateau sky · Wikimedia Commons CC0 Architectural Archive (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/potala-palace/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/potala-palace/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/potala-palace/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/potala-palace/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/potala-palace/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/potala-palace.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>布達拉宮：紅山上的白宮、紅宮與觀音普陀洛迦 · 拉薩瑪布日紅山之巔布達拉宮白宮、紅宮與藥王山白塔</image:title>
      <image:caption>公元7世紀肇建，1645–1694年擴建 · 拉薩世界文化遺產 · 高原晴空下紅白相映的藏式宮堡建築群 · 維基共享資源 CC0 無版權建築檔案（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/potala-palace/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/potala-palace/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/potala-palace/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/potala-palace/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/potala-palace/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/potala-palace.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>布达拉宫：红山上的白宫、红宫与观音普陀洛迦 · 拉萨玛布日红山之巅布达拉宫白宫、红宫与药王山白塔</image:title>
      <image:caption>公元7世纪肇建，1645–1694年扩建 · 拉萨世界文化遗产 · 高原晴空下红白相映的藏式宫堡建筑群 · 维基共享资源 CC0 无版权建筑档案（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/monastic-debate-and-three-seats/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/monastic-debate-and-three-seats/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/monastic-debate-and-three-seats/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/monastic-debate-and-three-seats/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/monastic-debate-and-three-seats/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/monastic-debate-and-three-seats.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Tibetan Monastic Debate &amp; the Three Great Seats (Sera, Drepung, Ganden) — White Stupa and Shaded Courtyards at Drepung Monastery, Lhasa</image:title>
      <image:caption>Founded 1416 CE by Jamyang Chöje · Lhasa · Architectural photograph of Drepung monastic complex · Wikimedia Commons CC0 Archive (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/monastic-debate-and-three-seats/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/monastic-debate-and-three-seats/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/monastic-debate-and-three-seats/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/monastic-debate-and-three-seats/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/monastic-debate-and-three-seats/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/monastic-debate-and-three-seats.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>藏傳辯經制度與拉薩三大寺：為什麼拍掌踏腳不是吵架？ · 拉薩三大寺之首哲蚌寺（1416年建）白塔與辯經林院落</image:title>
      <image:caption>明永樂十四年（1416）絳央卻傑創建 · 拉薩西郊根培烏孜山 · 雪域最高學府院落與白塔建築實景 · 維基共享資源 CC0 無版權影像檔案（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/monastic-debate-and-three-seats/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/monastic-debate-and-three-seats/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/lineages/monastic-debate-and-three-seats/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/lineages/monastic-debate-and-three-seats/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/lineages/monastic-debate-and-three-seats/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/monastic-debate-and-three-seats.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>藏传辩经制度与拉萨三大寺：为什么拍掌踏脚不是吵架？ · 拉萨三大寺之首哲蚌寺（1416年建）白塔与辩经林院落</image:title>
      <image:caption>明永乐十四年（1416）绛央却杰创建 · 拉萨西郊根培乌孜山 · 雪域最高学府院落与白塔建筑实景 · 维基共享资源 CC0 无版权影像档案（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/bardo/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/bardo/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/bardo/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/bardo/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/bardo/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/bardo.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Bardo: The Six In-Between States — Mandala of the Peaceful and Wrathful Deities (Zhitro) of the Bardo</image:title>
      <image:caption>18th–19th century · Nyingma Karling Zhitro Tradition · Mineral pigments and gold on cotton · Himalayan Art Public-Domain Archive (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/bardo/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/bardo/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/bardo/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/bardo/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/bardo/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/bardo.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>中陰（Bardo）：《西藏度亡經》到底在講什麼？ · 《中陰聞教得度》文武百尊（寂靜四十二尊與忿怒五十八尊）壇城唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>18–19世紀 · 寧瑪派噶瑪林巴伏藏《寂忿密意自解脫》傳統 · 棉布礦物彩繪描金（上圓寂靜尊，下圓飲血忿怒尊） · 喜馬拉雅藝術公有領域館藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/bardo/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/bardo/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/bardo/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/bardo/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/bardo/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/bardo.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>中阴（Bardo）：《西藏度亡经》到底在讲什么？ · 《中阴闻教得度》文武百尊（寂静四十二尊与忿怒五十八尊）坛城唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>18–19世纪 · 宁玛派噶玛林巴伏藏《寂忿密意自解脱》传统 · 棉布矿物彩绘描金（上圆寂静尊，下圆饮血忿怒尊） · 喜马拉雅艺术公有领域馆藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/karma-and-interdependence/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/karma-and-interdependence/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/karma-and-interdependence/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/karma-and-interdependence/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/karma-and-interdependence/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/karma-and-interdependence.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Karma &amp; Interdependence: Why It Is Never Fatalism — Narrative Thangka of Interdependent Causes and Deeds in the Buddha’s Life</image:title>
      <image:caption>18th century · Tibet · Mineral pigments and gold on cotton · Rubin Museum of Art · Google Art Project (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/karma-and-interdependence/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/karma-and-interdependence/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/karma-and-interdependence/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/karma-and-interdependence/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/karma-and-interdependence/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/karma-and-interdependence.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>業力（Karma）與緣起：為什麼佛教最反對「認命宿命論」？ · 佛陀本生與十二宏化因緣連環敘事唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世紀 · 西藏因緣果報敘事繪畫 · 棉布礦物彩繪描金 · 魯賓藝術博物館藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/karma-and-interdependence/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/karma-and-interdependence/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/karma-and-interdependence/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/karma-and-interdependence/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/karma-and-interdependence/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/karma-and-interdependence.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>业力（Karma）与缘起：为什么佛教最反对「认命宿命论」？ · 佛陀本生与十二宏化因缘连环叙事唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>18世纪 · 西藏因缘果报叙事绘画 · 棉布矿物彩绘描金 · 鲁宾艺术博物馆藏（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/dedication-of-merit/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/dedication-of-merit/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/dedication-of-merit/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/dedication-of-merit/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/dedication-of-merit/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/dedication-of-merit.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Dedication of Merit (Bsngo-ba · 回向) — Sacred Tibetan Buddhist Shrine Room Illuminated by Offering Lamps</image:title>
      <image:caption>13th–20th century Works · Alice S. Kandell Collection · Gilt bronzes, silk thangkas, offering bowls, and butter lamps · Smithsonian National Museum of Asian Art · Public Domain (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/dedication-of-merit/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/dedication-of-merit/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/dedication-of-merit/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/dedication-of-merit/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/dedication-of-merit/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/dedication-of-merit.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>迴向（Bsngo-ba）：為什麼每次祈願最後都要「把善意送出去」？ · 燈火莊嚴的傳統藏式佛堂壇城與七支供養陳設</image:title>
      <image:caption>匯集13–20世紀藏傳聖物 · 史密森尼國立亞洲藝術博物館展廳 · 鎏金佛像、絲繡唐卡、淨水碗與酥油燈實景陳設 · 美國史密森尼國立亞洲藝術博物館公有領域檔案（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/dedication-of-merit/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/dedication-of-merit/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/dedication-of-merit/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/dedication-of-merit/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/dedication-of-merit/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/dedication-of-merit.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>回向（Bsngo-ba）：为什么每次祈愿最后都要「把善意送出去」？ · 灯火庄严的传统藏式佛堂坛城与七支供养陈设</image:title>
      <image:caption>汇集13–20世纪藏传圣物 · 史密森尼国立亚洲艺术博物馆展厅 · 鎏金佛像、丝绣唐卡、净水碗与酥油灯实景陈设 · 美国史密森尼国立亚洲艺术博物馆公有领域档案（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/five-buddha-families/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/five-buddha-families/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/five-buddha-families/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/five-buddha-families/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/five-buddha-families/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/five-buddha-families.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Five Buddha Families &amp; Five Wisdoms (Rigs-lnga) — Tibetan Five-Leaf Ritual Crown Depicting the Five Transcendent Buddhas</image:title>
      <image:caption>15th century · Tibet · Paperboard, gesso, mineral pigments, and gold leaf · The Metropolitan Museum of Art (CC0) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/five-buddha-families/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/five-buddha-families/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/five-buddha-families/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/five-buddha-families/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/five-buddha-families/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/five-buddha-families.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>五方佛與五智（轉五毒為五智）：藏傳色彩與情緒煉金術 · 繪有五方佛（轉五毒為五智）之藏傳五佛寶冠</image:title>
      <image:caption>15世紀 · 西藏彩繪描金五佛冠 · 多層厚紙漆灰底天然礦物彩繪貼金 · 紐約大都會藝術博物館藏 (CC0)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/five-buddha-families/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/five-buddha-families/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/five-buddha-families/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/five-buddha-families/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/five-buddha-families/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/five-buddha-families.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>五方佛与五智（转五毒为五智）：藏传色彩与情绪炼金术 · 绘有五方佛（转五毒为五智）之藏传五佛宝冠</image:title>
      <image:caption>15世纪 · 西藏彩绘描金五佛冠 · 多层厚纸漆灰底天然矿物彩绘贴金 · 纽约大都会艺术博物馆藏 (CC0)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/dzogchen-and-mahamudra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/dzogchen-and-mahamudra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/dzogchen-and-mahamudra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/dzogchen-and-mahamudra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/dzogchen-and-mahamudra/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/dzogchen-and-mahamudra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Dzogchen &amp; Mahāmudrā: Resting in the Nature of Mind — Early Kagyu Mahāmudrā Masters Phagmo Drupa and Jigten Sumgön / Tashipel</image:title>
      <image:caption>c. 1236–1310 · Central Tibet · Gum tempera on sized cotton · The Cleveland Museum of Art (1987.146) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/dzogchen-and-mahamudra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/dzogchen-and-mahamudra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/dzogchen-and-mahamudra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/dzogchen-and-mahamudra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/dzogchen-and-mahamudra/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/dzogchen-and-mahamudra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>大圓滿（Dzogchen）與大手印（Mahāmudrā）：直指心性本覺的雙璧 · 早期大手印直指心性傳承祖師帕木竹巴與扎西貝雙尊唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>約1236–1310年 · 衛藏早期噶舉心性傳承孤品 · 棉布礦物膠彩（存世最早期的藏傳祖師肖像之一） · 克利夫蘭藝術博物館藏 (1987.146)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/dzogchen-and-mahamudra/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/dzogchen-and-mahamudra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/dzogchen-and-mahamudra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/dzogchen-and-mahamudra/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/dzogchen-and-mahamudra/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/dzogchen-and-mahamudra.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>大圆满（Dzogchen）与大手印（Mahāmudrā）：直指心性本觉的双璧 · 早期大手印直指心性传承祖师帕木竹巴与扎西贝双尊唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>约1236–1310年 · 卫藏早期噶举心性传承孤品 · 棉布矿物胶彩（存世最早期的藏传祖师肖像之一） · 克利夫兰艺术博物馆藏 (1987.146)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/bodhicitta-and-lojong/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/bodhicitta-and-lojong/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/bodhicitta-and-lojong/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/bodhicitta-and-lojong/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/bodhicitta-and-lojong/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/bodhicitta-and-lojong.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Bodhicitta, Lojong &amp; Tonglen (Mind Training in Seven Points) — Eleven-Headed, Thousand-Armed Avalokiteśvara (Embodiment of Bodhicitta)</image:title>
      <image:caption>c. 1500 · Western Tibet (Gu-ge Kingdom) · Gum tempera and ink on cotton · The Cleveland Museum of Art (1982.147) (CC0 1.0)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/bodhicitta-and-lojong/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/bodhicitta-and-lojong/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/bodhicitta-and-lojong/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/bodhicitta-and-lojong/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/bodhicitta-and-lojong/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/bodhicitta-and-lojong.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>菩提心、修心七要與「自他交換（Tonglen）」：把逆境化為慈悲的修心術 · 大悲菩提心化現：十一面千手千眼觀自在菩薩唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>約1500年 · 藏西古格王朝藝術風格 · 棉布礦物彩繪描金 · 克利夫蘭藝術博物館藏 (1982.147)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/bodhicitta-and-lojong/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/bodhicitta-and-lojong/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/bodhicitta-and-lojong/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/bodhicitta-and-lojong/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/bodhicitta-and-lojong/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/bodhicitta-and-lojong.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>菩提心、修心七要与「自他交换（Tonglen）」：把逆境化为慈悲的修心术 · 大悲菩提心化现：十一面千手千眼观自在菩萨唐卡</image:title>
      <image:caption>约1500年 · 藏西古格王朝艺术风格 · 棉布矿物彩绘描金 · 克利夫兰艺术博物馆藏 (1982.147)（CC0 1.0）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/emptiness-sunyata/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/emptiness-sunyata/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/emptiness-sunyata/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/emptiness-sunyata/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/emptiness-sunyata/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/emptiness-sunyata.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>Śūnyatā (Emptiness) &amp; the Two Truths (Madhyamaka) — Prajñāpāramitā, Mother of All Buddhas and Personification of Śūnyatā</image:title>
      <image:caption>14th–15th century · Tibet · Cast copper alloy plaque in torana arch · Musée national des arts asiatiques – Guimet (2718) (Public Domain)</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/emptiness-sunyata/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/emptiness-sunyata/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/emptiness-sunyata/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/emptiness-sunyata/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/emptiness-sunyata/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/emptiness-sunyata.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>空性（Śūnyatā）與中觀二諦：為什麼「空」恰恰意味著無限可能？ · 三世諸佛之母——空性智慧化身四臂般若佛母造像</image:title>
      <image:caption>14–15世紀 · 西藏金屬雕版造像 · 銅合金背光浮雕聖像 · 法國巴黎吉美亞洲藝術博物館藏 (2718)（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/emptiness-sunyata/</loc>
    <lastmod>2026-10-26</lastmod>
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/emptiness-sunyata/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh-tw/concepts/emptiness-sunyata/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/zh/concepts/emptiness-sunyata/" />
    <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mandalaatlas.org/concepts/emptiness-sunyata/" />
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://mandalaatlas.org/plates/emptiness-sunyata.webp</image:loc>
      <image:title>空性（Śūnyatā）与中观二谛：为什么「空」恰恰意味着无限可能？ · 三世诸佛之母——空性智慧化身四臂般若佛母造像</image:title>
      <image:caption>14–15世纪 · 西藏金属雕版造像 · 铜合金背光浮雕圣像 · 法国巴黎吉美亚洲艺术博物馆藏 (2718)（Public Domain）</image:caption>
      <image:license>https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</image:license>
    </image:image>
  </url>
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